A Problemática da normatividade : convergências e dissonâncias entre Michel Foucault e Georges Canguilhem

Abstract

This dissertation aims to point out the articulations between Michel Foucault's archeology and Georges Canguilhem's epistemology with regard to the problematic of normativity. In this sense, we emphasize Canguilhem's reflections on biology, considering it within the scope of the historical analysis of this science and centered on the study of its concepts, recurrence and discontinuity. Next, we analyze these notions in Michel Foucault's archeology analytically, placing them at other levels of problematization, that of perception, the medical look and knowledge. We start with some texts by Foucault from the 1960s (History of Madness, 1961, archeology of perception; The birth of the clinic, 1963, archeology of the gaze; The Order of Thigs, 1966, archeology of knowledge), indicating their distance and convergences. in relation to Georges Canguilhem's epistemology of biology. In order to carry out this attempt, which consists of showing the presence of a normativity in archaeological history, we went through the notions of fundamental experience, medical gaze and episteme, read especially by the critical reception of Roberto Machado – Foucault, Science and Knowledge (2007); Vera Portocarrero – Life Sciences: From Canguilhem to Foucault (2009); Márcio Alves da FonsecaMichel Foucault and the Law (2012), Guillaume Le Blanc - Canguilhem and the norms (1998) and Pierre Macherey - From Canguilhem to Foucault: The Force of norms (2009). In the last phase of this work, we will delve into the archeology of biology from the concept of life, discussed in The order of Things, seeking to confront this Foucauldian project with the reading of Georges Canguilhem on the same theme, especially around the question of vitalism. Finally, we move on to the level of wandering in Canguilhem's thought, showing its specificities or alterations, especially before and after the publication of the text of New Reflexions, tracing his theoretical relationship with Michel Foucault and Friedrich Nietzsche, with regard to the chance of the event. Therefore, we emphasize that wandering is part of the normativity of life, just as the chance of the event is part of the normativity of the episteme