O Estado em Kant: fundação, cidadania e finalidade

Abstract

The main theme of this study is the State in Immanuel Kant's political theory, focusing on the foundation, citizenship and finality of the State. In Kant the various theories surrounding the civil state were preceded by a profound analysis of human nature and the reasons that led man to adhere to the social pact. The problem, therefore, is why does a State present itself as an insurance condition for human development? Doubt is timely because it is proper to human nature to cultivate its individuality, even though the collective spirit occupies special importance. In the search to answer this disturbing question, the problem will be analyzed with the objective of analyzing the importance of human nature in the formation of the State; contextualizing the idea of citizenship and popular participation in the Kantian State and finally understanding the finality of the State as a promoter of peace. It is expected that it is possible to demonstrate that the aspects of Immanuel Kant's political theory, despite the foundation, citizenship and finality of the State, still echo today, serving as a theoretical basis for the improvement of political systems.