Tipo e crise: ambientes construídos com predomínio da consciência crítica, o caso belvedere na cidade de Belo Horizonte

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to reflect on the relationship between Type and Crisis, from the point of view of the Italian School of Urban Morphology, using the Belvedere neighborhood, in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/Brazil, as a case study. It seeks to broaden understandings about this important conceptual link, which can contribute to the actions of architecting and dwelling. Although scholars, such as Karl Kropf (2006), have called attention to the dimension of crisis as part of the typological process, for this reflection we adopt the understanding of the term as the predominance of criticalconsciousness over spontaneous consciousness. It is also admitted the understanding, according to Cataldi, Maffei and Vaccaro (2002), when the materialization of the Type occurs in a relation of unbalance with the territory that shelters it. It is in this context that the Belvedere neighborhood is identified as an example of the dimension of the crisis in the concept of Type, since it arises from the influence of the speculative appeals of the real estate market, which did not balance the spontaneous and critical values in its constructive acts. To support this reflection, we resorted to studies related to the Italian School, researches related to Belvedere, reports and newspaper articles from the city of Belo Horizonte and analysis of building plans of the region in question.