Nietzsche e a investigação genealógica como projeto de naturalização da moral

Abstract

The question to which this research aims to provide a coherent and adequate answer to the Nietzschean philosophical project can be formulated as follows: what does the new requirement announced by Nietzsche in the prologue to the Genealogy of morals mean, according to which “we need a critique of moral values, that the value of values itself must be called into question?” (GM/GM §6). In this paper, we argue that genealogy is configured as a regressive investigation into the origins of values, which is opposed to the search for metaphysical "essences" and ahistorical truths and is closely identified with a notion of process. We understand that this mode of investigation is typical of a philosophy of interpretation that uses genealogical-naturalistic tools and seeks to replace the problem of truth with the problem of value. We will analyze the concept of historical meaning as an anthropological interpretation, that is, as an instrument of evaluation that occupies an important place within the naturalist program of the Genealogy of morals. In addition, we will highlight the idea that the Nietzschean program does not ignore the scientific discoveries of the intellectual milieu in which the philosopher is inserted. Although we understand that Nietzsche does not propose reducing philosophical reflection to a scientific view of reality, we understand that philosophical activity is enriched by a diversified view, including an honest approach to dialog with the natural sciences. The scope of the research that follows consists of studying genealogy as a procedure that puts values into question, when it asks what value values have. As a result, the main theses of the Genealogy of morals will be discussed, i.e. the inversion of values, the psychology of resentment, bad conscience and the critique of the ascetic ideal, in parallel with Nietzsche's critique of the nihilism of modernity and the concept of the transvaluation of all values.