A atualidade da “Ética das Virtudes” de Tomás de Aquino (1224-1274)

Abstract

In this research, it was investigated how Thomas Aquinas' ethical and moral thought is formed from the action of the particular man to his psychology, seen here not in a scientific way as currently, but in a metaphysical way, which includes a study on the human soul . Now, all the external action of man does not differ from his inner structure, that is, his outer actions are reflections of an internal life, a constitutive structure of his own being, which is managed and governed by his highest powers: the intellect and the will. All his operations go hand in hand, his practical life is nothing more than the continuation of his individual action and for others with whom he lives. Thus, this study intends to observe what makes up moral action and, afterwards, a glimpse of the composition of the psyche from the Thomist point of view, as well as a correct ordering of the moral powers of the moral order by achieving love as an ordering tool. In the present research, the analysis of the Thomasian sources most closely linked to the proposed theme is adopted as a method, mainly Summa Theológica and Summa su Gentiles. The antitomist root of philosophical modernity (2018) which together with The ethics of virtues according to Thomas Aquinas (2017), the book From Aristotle to Freud (2019) and the book Cosmogony of disorder: exegesis of the spiritual decline of the west, by Professor Sidney Silveira, make up the theoretical framework of this work. Through this research it is intended to verify the conception of man in the Thomasian view and observe, in this way, how a metaphysical anthropology contributes to thinking about man in contemporary times as well as indications of possible solutions for any number of psychological and moral problems.