Diferencial de rendimentos por gênero no Brasil: uma perspectiva setorial

Abstract

The state of the art on the differential of income between men and women in the national scope presents several studies that show a wage gap favorable to the masculine gender. In such studies, it is still evident that this differential occurs in a context of discrimination against women. However, there were no studies that approaches this theme from a sectoral perspective, taking into account the specific characteristics of each sector of activity. In this way, the present study aimed to analyze the differential of the income obtained by men and women in the years of 2005 and 2015, highlighting the peculiarities inherent to the large economic activity sectors (primary, secondary and tertiary). This analysis had as its theoretical foundation the theory of human capital, which advocates the set of productive attributes of the individual, such as education and experience, as determinants of his salary. For that, two methodological procedures were used: the Heckman Sampling Selection Model to determine the participation of employed individuals with positive income in the sample, and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to determine if this income differential is a result of differences in productive attributes of the individuals or if it is caused by any discriminatory factor. The results showed that men receive higher incomes than women in all three activity sectors, and in all of them discrimination against women is observed. The secondary sector appears with the worse scenario, because in the three years analyzed the women presented better productive attributes and still received lower income. There is a tendency to reduce the wage gap in this sector, as well as in the tertiary sector, while it is not possible to affirm the same in relation to the primary sector.