Saúde mental e suas várias narrativas pós reforma psiquiátrica

Abstract

The Psychiatric Reform in Brazil, which began in the 1980s, brought about a significant change in the approach to mental health, focusing on deinstitutionalization and community care. This process aimed to ensure the rights of people experiencing psychological distress and break away from the hospital-centered model, replacing it with a psychosocial care network. As a result, new narratives and care practices emerged, focused on social inclusion, autonomy, and respect for the diversity of individuals' experiences. Objective: This study aims to analyze the various narratives that emerged in mental health after the Psychiatric Reform in Brazil, highlighting their implications for mental health care. Methodology: This is a qualitative research based on an integrative bibliographic review. Articles, books, and theses available in databases such as SciELO, LILACS, and Google Scholar were selected. The inclusion criteria were publications between 2018 and 2023, in Portuguese, discussing the impact of the Psychiatric Reform, the formation of narratives about mental health, and their implications for healthcare professionals and system users. Results and Discussions: The Psychiatric Reform promoted a plurality of narratives in mental health, grounded in humanization, inclusion, and the construction of community support networks. These narratives challenge the stigma associated with mental suffering, promoting an approach of acceptance and comprehensive care. Conclusions: The new narratives of post-Psychiatric Reform mental health represent an important advancement for the humanization of care, promoting a more inclusive and respectful view of psychological distress.