Política Urbana e Cidades Sustentáveis: desafios e estratégias para a Sustentabilidade Urbana

Abstract

In recent decades, Brazilian society has gone through and continues to go through various environmental problems of an urban nature. A large part of the social, economic and environmental impacts experienced in the Urbes are the result of an accelerated and disorderly process of urbanization. Nevertheless, several Brazilian cities and states still adhere and follow the logic of the real estate market, and of modern urban planning, promoting gray spaces, with little concentration of vegetation cover, and green areas. This urban planning model promotes a physical-environmental irregularity, as urbanized spaces with few green areas and vegetation cover, instigates the phenomenon called “Heat Islands”. In this context, the right to sustainable cities, as a premise for implementing urban policy, has its effectiveness put to the test, since there are significant divergences between the legal aspect and the physical-environmental aspects of cities. For practical verification of this problem, this research will examine environmental challenges of cities, from the theoretical and practical indices found from the literature and database. Thus, the scope of this research permeates the triad: Urban Policy, Environment and Right to the City. Therefore, in order to operationalize the concepts that were discussed in this research, the following was adopted: the term “sustainable cities”, obeyed two assumptions, 1) normative rigor of article 2 of the Statute of cities (Law 10.257/2001) in a national perspective, and, 2) correlating the meanings of international documents, such as the UN Urban Agenda and adherence to Goals 11 and 13 of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, as an international parameter. As a methodological proposal, several methods were used, connecting them with the courses taken, problems and objectives listed from the structuring and substructuring of the research published in the format of articles and unified in a compendium in this dissertation.