Cromatografia gasosa de compostos orgânicos voláteis nas emissões de motor de combustão interna movido a biodiesel

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the most serious problems caused by man and affects the entire environment. The high levels of concentrations of atmospheric pollutants generated in large centers from the fleet of motor vehicles and the use of non-renewable fuels lead to harmful effects on health. Based on this, the objective of this work is to analyze the polluting gases emitted by internal combustion engines powered by diesel and biodiesel from different vegetable oils using gas chromatography. The volatile organic compounds most representative in emissions (benzene, toluene and p-xylene) and inorganic compounds (carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) were analyzed, using as fuel: diesel, soy biodiesel, coconut, cotton, soy/ coconut, soy/cotton, coconut/soy, in the proportions of 15 and 30%, changing the engine speed in 2000, 2500 and 3500 rpm as a parameter. In the gaseous emissions of the internal combustion engine, varying the quality of the mixture, a reduction in the content of both organic and inorganic compounds was detected when the percentage of biodiesel in diesel is increased. In relation to the different types of mixtures B15 and B30, CO emissions decreased by 39%, with emphasis on coconut biodiesel and the soy/coconut mixture, in addition to a reduction of around 30% of benzene and 78% of toluene. Another important result was the reduction of these emissions at high speeds and the insignificant difference when using biodiesels from different oil sources, however, coconut and soybean oil were highlighted improving the quality of the biodiesel mixture. Thus, the higher the content of biodiesel in the mixture and the greater the rotation, there is a greater disposition of oxygen in the mixture, providing a more complete combustion reducing the emissions of these gases. When comparing biodiesels with different oil sources, the greatest reductions were seen in biodiesel with the highest content in the mixture and emphasis on coconut and soy.